Quercus grisea
| Gray oak | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Quercus |
| Species: | Q. grisea
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| Binomial name | |
| Quercus grisea | |
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| Natural range | |
Quercus grisea, commonly known as the gray oak, shin oak or scrub oak, is a North American species deciduous or evergreen shrub or medium-sized tree in the white oak group. It is native to the mountains of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.[3] It hybridises with four other oak species where the ranges overlap, the Arizona white oak (Q. arizonica), the Gambel oak (Q. gambelii), the Mohr oak (Q. mohriana) and the sandpaper oak (Q. pungens).[4]
Description
[edit]Quercus grisea may grow as a multi-stemmed shrub in drier situations but where the rainfall is sufficient, it grows into a medium size tree of up to about 20 metres (66 feet) with an irregular crown of twisted branches. The trunk is up to 60 centimetres (2 ft) in diameter with light gray bark which is fissured and cracked into small plates. The twigs are stout and a light reddish-brown, covered with grayish down. The leaves are alternate, leathery, long ovate, entire or with a few coarse teeth. They are grayish-green above and felted beneath and may fall in times of winter drought. The male catkins are yellowish-green and the female flowers are in small spikes growing in the leaf axils and appear in spring at the same time as the new leaves. The acorn cups are scaly, covered with fine hairs, and half as long as the acorns which grow singly or in pairs and are light brown.[4][5][3]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The gray oak grows in the mountains of the southwestern United States (western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and the Oklahoma Panhandle) and northern Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Hidalgo). Through generally scarce, it is common in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas.[4][6][7]
The gray oak occurs from 1,200 to 2,700 m (4,000 to 9,000 ft) above sea level, growing in valleys and on ridges, on rocky slopes and on the banks of streams. It flourishes in semi-arid conditions characterized by mild winters, dry springs and hot summers. It can spread asexually through the sprouting of root suckers and may form thickets. It grows in association with other oaks, species of juniper, Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides), pinyon pine (Pinus edulis), fendlerbush (Fendlera rupicola), bushy sage (Salvia lycioides), Texas madrone (Arbutus xalapensis ), Fremont barberry (Berberis fremontii), Louisiana sagewort (Artemisia ludoviciana) and soaptree yucca (Yucca elata).[4][3]
References
[edit]- ^ Kenny, L.; Wenzell, K.; Beckman, E.; Jerome, D. (2017). "Quercus grisea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T78921986A78921998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T78921986A78921998.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ NatureServe (2024). "Quercus grisea". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus grisea". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ a b c d Pavek, Diane S. (1994). "Quercus grisea". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
- ^ Virginia Tech: Gray oak Archived May 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Quercus grisea". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
